DataFrame#
Constructor#
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Two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data. |
Attributes and underlying data#
Axes
The index (row labels) of the DataFrame. |
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The column labels of the DataFrame. |
Return the dtypes in the DataFrame. |
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Print a concise summary of a DataFrame. |
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Return a subset of the DataFrame's columns based on the column dtypes. |
Return a Numpy representation of the DataFrame. |
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Return a list representing the axes of the DataFrame. |
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Return an int representing the number of axes / array dimensions. |
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Return an int representing the number of elements in this object. |
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Return a tuple representing the dimensionality of the DataFrame. |
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Return the memory usage of each column in bytes. |
Indicator whether Series/DataFrame is empty. |
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Return a new object with updated flags. |
Conversion#
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Cast a pandas object to a specified dtype |
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Convert columns from numpy dtypes to the best dtypes that support |
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Attempt to infer better dtypes for object columns. |
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Make a copy of this object's indices and data. |
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Convert the DataFrame to a NumPy array. |
Indexing, iteration#
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Return the first n rows. |
Access a single value for a row/column label pair. |
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Access a single value for a row/column pair by integer position. |
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Access a group of rows and columns by label(s) or a boolean array. |
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Purely integer-location based indexing for selection by position. |
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Insert column into DataFrame at specified location. |
Iterate over info axis. |
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Iterate over (column name, Series) pairs. |
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Get the 'info axis' (see Indexing for more). |
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Iterate over DataFrame rows as (index, Series) pairs. |
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Iterate over DataFrame rows as namedtuples. |
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Return item and drop it from DataFrame. |
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Return the last n rows. |
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Return cross-section from the Series/DataFrame. |
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Get item from object for given key (ex: DataFrame column). |
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Whether each element in the DataFrame is contained in values. |
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Replace values where the condition is False. |
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Replace values where the condition is True. |
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Query the columns of a DataFrame with a boolean expression. |
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Set the given value in the column with position loc. |
For more information on .at
, .iat
, .loc
, and
.iloc
, see the indexing documentation.
Binary operator functions#
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Get Addition of DataFrame and other, column-wise. |
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Get Addition of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator add). |
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Get Subtraction of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator sub). |
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Get Multiplication of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator mul). |
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Get Floating division of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator truediv). |
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Get Floating division of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator truediv). |
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Get Integer division of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator floordiv). |
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Get Modulo of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator mod). |
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Get Exponential power of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator pow). |
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Compute the matrix multiplication between the DataFrame and other. |
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Get Addition of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator radd). |
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Get Subtraction of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator rsub). |
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Get Multiplication of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator rmul). |
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Get Floating division of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator rtruediv). |
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Get Floating division of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator rtruediv). |
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Get Integer division of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator rfloordiv). |
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Get Modulo of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator rmod). |
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Get Exponential power of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator rpow). |
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Get Less than of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator lt). |
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Get Greater than of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator gt). |
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Get Less than or equal to of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator le). |
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Get Greater than or equal to of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator ge). |
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Get Not equal to of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator ne). |
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Get Equal to of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator eq). |
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Perform column-wise combine with another DataFrame. |
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Update null elements with value in the same location in other. |
Function application, GroupBy & window#
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Apply a function along an axis of the DataFrame. |
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Apply a function to a Dataframe elementwise. |
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Apply chainable functions that expect Series or DataFrames. |
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Aggregate using one or more operations over the specified axis. |
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Aggregate using one or more operations over the specified axis. |
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Call |
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Group DataFrame using a mapper or by a Series of columns. |
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Provide rolling window calculations. |
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Provide expanding window calculations. |
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Provide exponentially weighted (EW) calculations. |
Computations / descriptive stats#
Return a Series/DataFrame with absolute numeric value of each element. |
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Return whether all elements are True, potentially over an axis. |
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Return whether any element is True, potentially over an axis. |
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Trim values at input threshold(s). |
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Compute pairwise correlation of columns, excluding NA/null values. |
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Compute pairwise correlation. |
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Count non-NA cells for each column or row. |
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Compute pairwise covariance of columns, excluding NA/null values. |
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Return cumulative maximum over a DataFrame or Series axis. |
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Return cumulative minimum over a DataFrame or Series axis. |
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Return cumulative product over a DataFrame or Series axis. |
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Return cumulative sum over a DataFrame or Series axis. |
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Generate descriptive statistics. |
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First discrete difference of element. |
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Evaluate a string describing operations on DataFrame columns. |
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Return unbiased kurtosis over requested axis. |
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Return unbiased kurtosis over requested axis. |
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Return the maximum of the values over the requested axis. |
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Return the mean of the values over the requested axis. |
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Return the median of the values over the requested axis. |
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Return the minimum of the values over the requested axis. |
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Get the mode(s) of each element along the selected axis. |
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Fractional change between the current and a prior element. |
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Return the product of the values over the requested axis. |
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Return the product of the values over the requested axis. |
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Return values at the given quantile over requested axis. |
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Compute numerical data ranks (1 through n) along axis. |
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Round a DataFrame to a variable number of decimal places. |
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Return unbiased standard error of the mean over requested axis. |
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Return unbiased skew over requested axis. |
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Return the sum of the values over the requested axis. |
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Return sample standard deviation over requested axis. |
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Return unbiased variance over requested axis. |
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Count number of distinct elements in specified axis. |
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Return a Series containing the frequency of each distinct row in the DataFrame. |
Reindexing / selection / label manipulation#
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Prefix labels with string prefix. |
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Suffix labels with string suffix. |
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Align two objects on their axes with the specified join method. |
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Select values at particular time of day (e.g., 9:30AM). |
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Select values between particular times of the day (e.g., 9:00-9:30 AM). |
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Drop specified labels from rows or columns. |
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Return DataFrame with duplicate rows removed. |
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Return boolean Series denoting duplicate rows. |
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Test whether two objects contain the same elements. |
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Subset the DataFrame or Series according to the specified index labels. |
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Return the first n rows. |
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Return index of first occurrence of maximum over requested axis. |
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Return index of first occurrence of minimum over requested axis. |
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Conform DataFrame to new index with optional filling logic. |
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Return an object with matching indices as other object. |
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Rename columns or index labels. |
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Set the name of the axis for the index or columns. |
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Reset the index, or a level of it. |
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Return a random sample of items from an axis of object. |
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Assign desired index to given axis. |
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Set the DataFrame index using existing columns. |
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Return the last n rows. |
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Return the elements in the given positional indices along an axis. |
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Truncate a Series or DataFrame before and after some index value. |
Missing data handling#
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Fill NA/NaN values by using the next valid observation to fill the gap. |
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Remove missing values. |
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Fill NA/NaN values by propagating the last valid observation to next valid. |
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Fill NA/NaN values with value. |
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Fill NaN values using an interpolation method. |
Detect missing values. |
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DataFrame.isnull is an alias for DataFrame.isna. |
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Detect existing (non-missing) values. |
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DataFrame.notnull is an alias for DataFrame.notna. |
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Replace values given in to_replace with value. |
Reshaping, sorting, transposing#
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Return Series/DataFrame with requested index / column level(s) removed. |
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Return reshaped DataFrame organized by given index / column values. |
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Create a spreadsheet-style pivot table as a DataFrame. |
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Rearrange index or column levels using input |
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Sort by the values along either axis. |
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Sort object by labels (along an axis). |
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Return the first n rows ordered by columns in descending order. |
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Return the first n rows ordered by columns in ascending order. |
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Swap levels i and j in a |
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Stack the prescribed level(s) from columns to index. |
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Pivot a level of the (necessarily hierarchical) index labels. |
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Unpivot DataFrame from wide to long format, optionally leaving identifiers set. |
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Transform each element of a list-like to a row, replicating index values. |
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Squeeze 1 dimensional axis objects into scalars. |
Return an xarray object from the pandas object. |
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The transpose of the DataFrame. |
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Transpose index and columns. |
Combining / comparing / joining / merging#
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Assign new columns to a DataFrame. |
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Compare to another DataFrame and show the differences. |
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Join columns of another DataFrame. |
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Merge DataFrame or named Series objects with a database-style join. |
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Modify in place using non-NA values from another DataFrame. |
Flags#
Flags refer to attributes of the pandas object. Properties of the dataset (like
the date is was recorded, the URL it was accessed from, etc.) should be stored
in DataFrame.attrs
.
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Flags that apply to pandas objects. |
Metadata#
DataFrame.attrs
is a dictionary for storing global metadata for this DataFrame.
Warning
DataFrame.attrs
is considered experimental and may change without warning.
Dictionary of global attributes of this dataset. |
Plotting#
DataFrame.plot
is both a callable method and a namespace attribute for
specific plotting methods of the form DataFrame.plot.<kind>
.
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DataFrame plotting accessor and method |
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Draw a stacked area plot. |
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Vertical bar plot. |
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Make a horizontal bar plot. |
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Make a box plot of the DataFrame columns. |
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Generate Kernel Density Estimate plot using Gaussian kernels. |
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Generate a hexagonal binning plot. |
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Draw one histogram of the DataFrame's columns. |
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Generate Kernel Density Estimate plot using Gaussian kernels. |
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Plot Series or DataFrame as lines. |
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Generate a pie plot. |
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Create a scatter plot with varying marker point size and color. |
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Make a box plot from DataFrame columns. |
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Make a histogram of the DataFrame's columns. |
Sparse accessor#
Sparse-dtype specific methods and attributes are provided under the
DataFrame.sparse
accessor.
Ratio of non-sparse points to total (dense) data points. |
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Create a new DataFrame from a scipy sparse matrix. |
Return the contents of the frame as a sparse SciPy COO matrix. |
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Convert a DataFrame with sparse values to dense. |
Serialization / IO / conversion#
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Construct DataFrame from dict of array-like or dicts. |
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Convert structured or record ndarray to DataFrame. |
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Write a DataFrame to the Optimized Row Columnar (ORC) format. |
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Write a DataFrame to the binary parquet format. |
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Pickle (serialize) object to file. |
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Write object to a comma-separated values (csv) file. |
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Write the contained data to an HDF5 file using HDFStore. |
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Write records stored in a DataFrame to a SQL database. |
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Convert the DataFrame to a dictionary. |
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Write object to an Excel sheet. |
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Convert the object to a JSON string. |
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Render a DataFrame as an HTML table. |
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Write a DataFrame to the binary Feather format. |
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Render object to a LaTeX tabular, longtable, or nested table. |
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Export DataFrame object to Stata dta format. |
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Convert DataFrame to a NumPy record array. |
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Render a DataFrame to a console-friendly tabular output. |
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Copy object to the system clipboard. |
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Print DataFrame in Markdown-friendly format. |
Returns a Styler object. |
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Return the dataframe interchange object implementing the interchange protocol. |